Reasons for the decline of the Mughal dynasty

 Historical light on the causes of the decline of the Mughal dynasty

Reasons for the decline of the Mughal dynasty

The Mughals ruled India from 1526 to 1856. The first king of this family was Zaheeruddin Babar and the last king was Bahadur Shah Zafar. The period from the Outer Heights to Crowing Zeb Alamgir was the heyday of the Mughals. After the death of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the Mughal Empire began to decline and then gradually this decline took the form of complete destruction. Even Shah Alam II, Akbar II and the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar became the benefactors of the British and lived as mere showy kings.

Below we are going to mention the reasons for the decline of the Mughal dynasty.

1. Lack of public support

In the Mughal court, appointments were made only to the aristocracy. The Mughal emperors of the heyday took care of their subjects, but after Aurangzeb Alamgir II, the king completely ignored his subjects. They were not given a share in government and government positions, nor were their needs taken care of. So the people had no interest in the kings. During the decline of the Mughals, it was proved to the people that the king did not have enough political will to meet their needs. Therefore, in view of their needs, they turned their attention to the governors, nawabs and rajas themselves. As a result of this change, the provinces became much stronger and the center became weaker and weaker.

2- Ignoring nationality

Caste distinction was established in India. Due to this, the germs of nationalism were born in different nations of India. In any case, the Mughal rulers were Muslims and their subjects belonged in large numbers to Hindu Dharma. Muslims were in the minority in the country. The Hindus thought that a minority had been imposed on them. Indo-Muslims were considered foreigners and Muslim kings were considered foreign invaders. Therefore, the Hindus had no interest in the Muslims. In the early days of the Mughal dynasty, Akbar felt this strongly. He made the Hindus sympathetic and sympathetic by establishing relations with them in order to gain their sympathy and support. After Aurangzeb, the situation became such that Hindus and Sikhs became enemies of the government and then the Marathas, Sikhs and Jats became the worst enemies of the government.

It would have been better if the local people, the Marhats, the Jats and the Sikhs, etc., had been included in the empire, but the rulers, considering them a threat to themselves, tried to suppress them mercilessly and thwarted their movements. And called it rebellion. As a result, different nations and castes

The Mughal Empire was surrounded on all sides and sought its destruction.

3. Disqualification of Aurangzeb Alamgir's successors The first six Mughal emperors, due to their administrative ability, enhanced the splendor of the empire. Alamgir's successors were useless and incompetent. Understanding or managing the affairs of the empire was not his only disease. As a result, the system of government became chaotic and the country's governance changed. In that case, the destruction of the Mughal Empire was certain. 4- Rebellion and grouping of traitorous princes During the decline of the Mughals, emperors became very important. After Bahadur Shah I, the Mughal emperors ascended the throne through some amir. This proved that the rich have more power than the king. Seeing this, other provinces of the empire also developed a sense of independence. Thus, in the time of Muhammad Shah Rangeela, Nizam-ul-Mulk established independent states in Hyderabad, Ali Vardi Khan in Bengal, Saadat Ali Khan in Odh and the Marhats in the Deccan. Also, due to the conspiracies of the Syed brothers, factionalism started in the kingdom. Each faction would try to get the king to use the time as a puppet to consolidate its position. Not content with this, the Syed brothers started recruiting Marhta riders. Called and gave them equal status in the administrative affairs of the Deccan. In this way the Marhats also realized their political power and started making plans to destroy the Muslims in northern India.

The conspiracies of Mara about the royal court were thwarted. The emperors were divided into Iranian, Turani and Indian factions.

And their struggle shook the foundations of the empire. 5. Political Awareness of Marhats and Sikhs During the reign of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the Sikhs began to gain political insight. When the Sikhs were pressured, they emerged as a reaction. After the death of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the Sikhs gained tremendous political power. Especially in Punjab, the Sikhs wreaked havoc and continued to harass the government. The Sikhs had a special role in the decline of the Mughals and it was these Sikhs who caused the destruction of the Mughal government and later became the rulers of the Punjab.

6. Civil wars for the throne

The Mughals had no principle of inheritance. After the death of each king, the person who came to power by his own power was the one whose stick was the principle of the buffalo. Thus, after the death of Aurangzeb Alamgir, wars for the throne began. Bahadur Shah I ascended the throne after eliminating his brothers. Jehandar Shah also defeated his brothers and ascended the throne. Thus the wars for the throne severely damaged the prestige of the Mughal Empire. In this way, the economic condition of the country became weaker and weaker and the sympathies of the kings became less and less.

7- Citizens feel insecure

In the last days of the Mughals, there were frequent uprisings. Troops and imperial armies moved from place to place to quell the uprisings. They would burn and destroy the fields. Rebellious and rebellious people also harassed the people. Especially the Sikhs in Punjab not only harmed the government but also the locals. He made robbery and murder his profession. The government's inability to control the insurgency made the people feel insecure. And he had no interest in the Mughal emperors. The people, frustrated with the government, took care of their own security. The people took up arms and began to fight their enemies. Thus more unrest spread in the country.

This unrest led to the downfall of the Mughal government.

8. The breakdown of the feudal system

During the decline of the Mughals, the feudal system suffered from various defects. This became difficult for the feudal lords.

That they sit in the bar and collect taxes through their employees. A strong way to collect taxes

The army was desperately needed. Due to the weakness of the feudal lords, their peasants stopped paying taxes. In Punjab, Sikhs started extorting money from landlords. Some feudal lords began to persecute their landlords and peasants, causing the peasants to flee their lands. Some feudal lords also left their estates and moved to different states. Thus, the weaknesses and defects of the feudal system also pushed hard enough to push the empire into the pit of Mazzaliya Kozwal.

9- Weak army

During the decline of the Mughals, the element of toughness, bravery and chivalry did not appear in the army. The army became restless and tolerant. I did not have the spirit of jihad. The non-Muslim soldiers did not have the spirit of service. He joined the army only for his own purpose. Then people of different religions and nations gathered in the army. For example Hindus, Sikhs, Marhats, Jats, Rajputs, Muslims, Shias and Sunnis etc. Thus the Mughal army, being made up of different classes, became a useless and shapeless machine. The methods of warfare of the soldiers of these classes were different. The Rajput soldiers did not fight against their fellow Hindus and the Iranian Shia soldiers did not fight against the armies of Golconda and Bijapur. In the Punjab, Sikh troops supported the Sikh rebels and refrained from fighting them. In these circumstances, the Mughal officers used to fulfill their purpose by bribing their rival officers instead. After a while, Mughal officers started taking bribes instead of fighting.

The later Mughal emperor did not arrange for proper training of the army. Inexperienced and untrained people were also recruited in the army when needed. None of the later Mughal emperors proved to be a high-ranking general. What can he expect from his soldiers when the king himself is not wielding the sword? In the last period of the Mughals, sometimes the soldiers were not even paid. For this purpose, the soldiers had to protest and sometimes the soldiers were left with the governors and rulers. Thus, the shortcomings of the military system of the later Mughals also proved to be the downfall of their government.

10. Attacks of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali

Political turmoil within the country, taking advantage of the civil wars and court factionalism of the throne, Nadir monarch invaded Asian country and so Ahmad monarch Abdali launched eight attacks during a row. As a results of these attacks, the royal treasury was empty. The accumulated wealth of the provinces additionally reached Afghanistan. Millions died, multitudinous youngsters were orphan, and multitudinous girls were single. There was a way of insecurity among the individuals.

The princes fell victim to factionalism, and chaos unfold throughout the country. Most of the provinces declared independence. The individuals began to grind within the mill of oppression, and also the marketplace for felony, theft and murder became hot. as an instance that a catastrophe has taken place within the country. There was a Mughal king World Health Organization accustomed run to receive the news of the arrival of Ahmad monarch Abdali. what's the correct of a king World Health Organization cannot fight the invaders to rule? will a homeowner need to be known as a person if he welcomes robbers on his own rather than protective his home? The later Mughals established to be cowards and cowards. Thus, the attacks of Nadir monarch and Ahmad monarch Abdali brought the Mughal government to the brink of destruction.

11-Jizyah

The general policy of Aurangzeb Alamgir, particularly the re-introduction of Jizya, additionally brought down the Mughal Empire.

The cause is said.

12-Social decline

During the rule of the late Mughals, the society fell prey to immorality, misguidance, bribery, nepotism, fraud, deception, conspiracy and alternative evils.