Aurangzeb's Marathi policy?

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Aurangzeb's Marathi policy

According to Aishwarya Prasad:

The Marathas were the most determinant enemies of the Aurganzeb. This was against them lasted for nearly a quarter of a century and resulted in nothing but defeat, humiliation and disaster.It is true that Shivaji played a significant role in the rise of Marhats in India. But it is also certain that when Shivaji came to the fore. By this time the field was ready for him.

Dr. Aishwarya Prasad writes that:

Shivaji's sudden progress was not the result of his efforts alone, where his personal courage and bravery helped. There are special geographical conditions and religious trends of Deccan which are fifteenth and in the sixteenth century, people were introduced to new hopes. Shivaji's helpers proved to be helpful.

Reasons for the rise of the Marhats

1.Geographical condition

The Marhats have been living in the region of Maharashtra since ancient times. The area stretched from Mount Vindhyachal to the Western Ghats. Most of it is Ahmadnagar and some Joined the kingdom of Bikaner.

According to GS Kapoor:

The Physical features of this country of the Marathas developed certain peculiar qualities among the Marathas which distinguished them from the rest of the people in India. The mountainous nature of the country as not only given the Marathas security from outside invaders, but also produces a climate which has influenced their character and habits.

It is as if the geographical and natural conditions of the Marhats region had created some features in the Marhats that set them apart from other nations of India.

1. Due to the hilly and difficult terrain, it is always safe from external invaders.

2. Mountain life made him a hard worker and a soldier.

3. The lack of rain in Maharashtra and the scarcity of livelihood instilled in the Marhats a habit of perseverance and hard work.

4. Marhata soldiers used to pass through difficult mountain passes easily in search of the enemy due to their familiarity with the area. However, due to the ignorance of the Mughal soldiers, their lives were in danger.It would be difficult for them to cross these paths.

5. Due to the mountainous terrain, the Marhats succeeded in adopting guerrilla warfare. These ranges of hills proved to be fortified for the Marhats. Which could be safely intervened.

6. The people of this area were taught to protect these forts like their mothers.

Elphinstone writes:

He was all-knowing, smart, hardworking, patient and persistent. If he did not have the pride and self-respect of the Rajputs. Agran did not lack the luxury and worldly intellect of the Rajputs. Marhata always kept an eye on the outcome and did not worry about the method of warfare, provided he achieved his goal.

2. Religious revival

The Bhakti movement strengthened the spirit of unity and solidarity among the Marhats. The preaching of the leaders of this movement was focused on two things. One is the Bhakti movement, the other is the worship of God, and the other is the equal status of all believers in the sight of God, that is, no one has the right to be superior or superior to another in terms of race or birth. The famous leaders of this movement were Takaram, Ram Das and Wahman Pandit.

According to Aishwarya Prasad:

They laid stress upon the quality of all men before God and help that by menas of Bhakti a Chandal could qualify himself God's fever quite as much as Brahman.

One of them, Ram Das, whom Shivaji considered his successor, had immense influence in the entire region. He was not only a religious preacher but also a national architect.

3. Literature and language

The literature and language of the Marhats also helped bring the entire nation together on one platform. Takaram's songs were loved by all sections of the society and even the common people sang them. This created a spirit of unity and cooperation among the people.

Jadoo Nath Sarkar writes that:

Due to the similarity of language, religion and life, a powerful and brave nation like the Marhats came into being in the seventeenth century. Now they lacked only one thing. That was the national empire for which Shivaji revolted against the Delhi Empire. What and constant fighting with the Mughals.

4. Military and administrative training of Marhats

According to Dr. Aishwarya Prasad:

Shivaji was greatly helped in his political and social synthesis by men who had received ample training in the arts of administration and war in the service of the Muhammad ..... Sultanates of the Deccan.

A large number of Marhats were involved in the revenue and army departments of the states of Golkonda, Bijapur and Deccan. Some of them even rose to the rank of minister in these states. This gave him immense experience which later came to be of great use to Shivaji. Murar Rao, Madan Pandit and several members of the Raj Rao family had served as ministers and diwans in the state of Golkonda in different periods. History has shown that in the time of Aurangzeb and Shah Jahan, the Maratha feudal lords Shah Ji Bhunsala and Murar Rao Jagdeo played a significant role in the politics of Bijapur and Ahmadnagar. Some Hindu historians even say that between the states of Golkonda, Bijapur and Bedar there were in fact kings in name only, otherwise the whole government was in the hands of Marathi politicians and Marathi soldiers. The surrounding forts of these states were occupied by the Maratha feudal lords. One of these Marhata settlers was Shivaji's father Shah Ji Bhunsala who took up employment in the state of Bijapur in 1632 and soon rose to prominent positions.

Early life of Shivaji Marhata.

According to Jadoo Nath Sarkar:

To the Hindu, world in that age of renewed persecution Shivaji appeared as the star of a new hope, the protector of the ritualistic paint mark of the forehead of the Hindus and the Savior of the Brahmanas.

Shivaji was born on April 10, 1627, in the mountain fort of Shunar, south of Yona. His father's name was Shah Ji Bhunsala and his mother's name was Jija Bai. Jijaji was the daughter of Jadhivarad, the most powerful Jagirdar of her time. Thus he belonged to a noble family by both mother and father. Shah Ji Bhunsala ignored Jija Bai after remarrying a young beautiful woman. So he gave all his energies to his son.Focus on bringing it up.